In the vast field of materials science, the research, development and innovation of new materials have always been the core driving force to promote scientific and technological progress and industrial development. In recent years, tungsten oxide-based composite materials, with their unique physical and chemical properties and broad application prospects, have gradually stood out among numerous new materials and captured the attention of scientific researchers.
As a crucial transition metal oxide, tungsten oxide (WO?-x) occupies a pivotal position in the field of materials science. Its crystal structure is rich and diverse, covering a variety of crystal forms such as monoclinic, orthorhombic, and hexagonal. These different crystal structures endow WO?-x with unique and excellent physical and chemical properties.
Exhibiting good absorption and reflection properties for light of specific wavelengths, it finds extensive application in the field of photochromism. For example, photochromic films based on WO?-x can quickly change color under illumination conditions. This property enables it to exhibit great application potential in smart windows, optical storage, etc.
When the target gas molecules in the environment are adsorbed on the surface of WO?-x, changes in the electrical properties of the material occur. Subsequently, the gas can be accurately detected by sensing these changes. In the field of harmful gas monitoring, WO?-x-based gas sensors can quickly and accurately detect harmful gases in the air, such as formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide, providing strong technical support for environmental monitoring and protection.
Tungsten oxide has a certain conductivity, and its electrical properties can be regulated in a variety of ways, such as doping with other elements and changing the crystal structure. This makes WO?-x widely used in the field of electronic devices. For example, in field-effect transistors, WO?-x can be used as a channel material to effectively improve the electrical performance and stability of the device.
In terms of catalytic performance, tungsten oxide also performs well. It can catalyze a variety of chemical reactions and plays an important role in organic synthesis, energy conversion and other fields. For example, in some oxidation reactions, WO?-x as a catalyst can significantly reduce the activation energy of the reaction, increase the reaction rate and product selectivity, and provide possibilities for efficient and green chemical synthesis processes.
However, a single tungsten oxide material has certain limitations in certain properties and is difficult to meet the growing demand for practical applications. In order to overcome these limitations, researchers have prepared tungsten oxide-based composite materials by combining tungsten oxide with other materials. This composite material not only integrates the advantages of tungsten oxide and other materials but also displays some unique properties, thereby offering new ideas and methods for resolving key issues in numerous fields.
From energy storage to environmental governance, from electronic devices to biomedicine, tungsten oxide-based composite materials are everywhere. In the field of energy storage, it can be used to prepare high-performance battery electrodes and supercapacitors, significantly improving energy storage and release efficiency; in environmental governance, it can be used as an efficient photocatalyst to degrade organic pollutants and purify air and water; in electronic devices, it helps to manufacture better-performing sensors, displays, etc.; in the field of biomedicine, it also shows potential as a bioimaging and drug carrier.
Explore the diverse family of tungsten oxide-based composite materials
Tungsten oxide/carbon-based composite materials
Tungsten oxide/bamboo charcoal composite materials: such as hydrated tungsten oxide/bamboo charcoal composite materials synthesized by one-step of gamma-ray irradiation. Bamboo charcoal has high conductivity and hydrated tungsten oxide has high proton conductivity. The combination of the two can make the specific capacity of the composite material much higher than the sum of the specific capacities of each single component, and show good capacitance performance in supercapacitors.
Tungsten oxide/carbon aerogel composite materials: By using the method of solvent infiltration and re-sintering, smaller tungsten oxide nanoparticles can be compounded into carbon aerogel. The dispersed tungsten oxide particles and composite materials have excellent capacitance performance, small equivalent series resistance, and good cycle stability. The two-step sintering method can not only further optimize the AC impedance and cycle stability but also improve the specific capacity and rate performance of the material.
Tungsten oxide/graphene composite materials: Graphene has excellent electrical properties, high specific surface area and good mechanical properties. After compounding with tungsten oxide, the electron transport capacity of the composite material can be significantly improved, and the accessibility of active sites can be increased, thereby improving its performance in energy storage, catalysis and other fields. For example, in supercapacitors, it can improve specific capacitance and charge-discharge efficiency; in catalytic reactions, it can enhance catalytic activity and selectivity.
Tungsten oxide/carbon nanotube composite material: Carbon nanotubes also have good conductivity and unique one-dimensional nanostructure, which can promote electron conduction inside tungsten oxide, and can also provide channels for ion transport, improving the electrochemical properties of tungsten oxide. In electrochromic devices, it can make the device respond faster and the color change more obvious.
Tungsten oxide/conductive polymer composite material
Tungsten oxide/polyaniline composite material: Polyaniline has good conductivity, environmental stability and high theoretical specific capacitance. The nanocomposite material formed by electropolymerizing polyaniline to the surface of tungsten oxide not only has higher color efficiency, but also more stable cycle performance and a wider potential window than pure polyaniline. It has important applications in electrochromic and supercapacitor fields.
Tungsten oxide/polyindole-5-carboxylic acid composite material: Polyindole-5-carboxylic acid is a P-doped material and is compounded with tungsten oxide. The resulting composite electrode shows high capacitance and good cycle stability and can be applied to energy storage devices and other fields.
Tungsten oxide/poly 5-formyl indole composite material: Poly 5-formyl indole is a P-doped semiconductor and is compounded with tungsten oxide. The composite electrode has high capacitance and good cycle stability and has potential advantages in energy storage.
Tungsten oxide/metal oxide composites
Tungsten oxide/titanium dioxide composites: Titanium dioxide has good photocatalytic performance, chemical stability and corrosion resistance. After compounding with tungsten oxide, it can produce a synergistic effect and show better performance in the fields of photocatalytic degradation of pollutants and photolysis of water to produce hydrogen, such as improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers and broadening the light response range, thereby enhancing photocatalytic activity.
Tungsten oxide/zinc oxide composites: Zinc oxide has high electron mobility and good optical properties. After compounding with tungsten oxide, the electrical and optical properties of the composites can be improved, and it has potential applications in sensors, photodetectors, etc., such as improving the sensitivity and selectivity of sensors to specific gases.
Tungsten oxide/cobalt oxide composites: Cobalt oxide has a high theoretical specific capacity and good electrochemical activity. After compounding with tungsten oxide, the performance of the composites in supercapacitors, batteries and other fields can be improved, such as improving the specific capacitance and cycle stability of electrode materials, and increasing the energy density and charge-discharge efficiency of batteries.
Tungsten oxide/metal nanoparticle composites
Tungsten oxide/gold nanoparticle composites: Gold nanoparticles have a unique surface plasmon resonance effect and good catalytic properties. After being compounded with tungsten oxide, the light absorption capacity and catalytic activity of the composite material can be enhanced, and it has important applications in the fields of photocatalysis and biosensing. For example, in photocatalytic reactions, the surface plasmon resonance effect of gold nanoparticles can be used to generate hot electrons to improve the photocatalytic efficiency.
Tungsten oxide/silver nanoparticle composites: Silver nanoparticles have excellent antibacterial properties and good electrical conductivity. After being compounded with tungsten oxide, the composite material can be endowed with antibacterial functions and good electrical properties, and has potential applications in the fields of antibacterial materials, electronic devices, etc., such as being used to prepare electronic components or antibacterial coatings with antibacterial functions.
Tungsten oxide/rare earth element doped composite materials
Tungsten oxide/neodymium doped composite materials: Neodymium-doped WO? mesoporous cathode films made by the sol-gel method have a wider light modulation range, shorter switching speed and higher capacitance in the application of electrochromic energy storage devices. This is because the introduction of neodymium elements is accompanied by an increase in oxygen vacancies, which improves the conductivity of the electrode.
Tungsten oxide/cerium doped composite materials: Cerium has unique redox properties and can regulate the surface properties and electronic structure of tungsten oxide. Cerium-doped tungsten oxide composite materials show better performance in catalysis, gas sensing and other fields. For example, in catalytic oxidation reactions, it can improve the activity and stability of catalysts; in gas sensors, it can improve the sensitivity and response speed to certain gases.
Unlocking the multiple application scenarios of tungsten oxide-based composite materials
With its unique physical and chemical properties, tungsten oxide-based composite materials are widely used in many fields such as energy, electronics, and catalysis.
In the field of energy, tungsten oxide-based composite materials have shown great potential. Specifically, in lithium-ion batteries, electrode materials made of tungsten oxide and carbon materials can effectively improve the charge-discharge performance and cycle stability of the battery. Traditional lithium-ion battery electrode materials are prone to capacity attenuation during the charge and discharge process, and the addition of tungsten oxide-based composite materials can increase the active sites of the electrode materials, improve the efficiency of lithium-ion insertion and extraction, and thus improve the battery's performance. In solar cells, tungsten oxide-based composite materials can be used as photoanode materials to improve the absorption and utilization efficiency of sunlight, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells.
In the field of electronics, tungsten oxide-based composite materials are widely used in the manufacture of devices such as sensors and displays. Taking gas sensors as an example, tungsten oxide has special adsorption and electrical response characteristics for certain gases. The prepared tungsten oxide-based gas sensors can quickly and accurately detect harmful gases in the environment, such as formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, etc., and play an important role in environmental monitoring and indoor air quality detection. In terms of displays, the electrochromic properties of tungsten oxide-based composite materials enable them to be used in the manufacture of intelligent color-changing displays. By adjusting the voltage to change the color and transparency of the material, information can be displayed and hidden, with the advantages of low power consumption and high contrast.
In the field of catalysis, tungsten oxide-based composite materials also perform well. In organic synthesis reactions, it can be used as an efficient catalyst to accelerate the reaction and improve the selectivity and yield of the reaction. For example, in some esterification reactions, the use of tungsten oxide-based composite materials as catalysts can achieve high conversion rates and high selectivity under mild reaction conditions, reduce the occurrence of side reactions, and reduce production costs. In the field of environmental protection, tungsten oxide-based composite materials can be used as photocatalysts to degrade organic pollutants using sunlight and purify air and water. In sewage treatment plants, tungsten oxide-based photocatalysts are used to treat wastewater containing organic pollutants. Under light conditions, the photocatalyst can produce free radicals with strong oxidizing properties, decomposing organic pollutants into harmless small molecules, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying water quality.
